End-Fire Array Calculator
Calculate ordinary and Hansen–Woodyard end-fire array parameters including progressive phase, array length, directivity estimate, and gain.
4
Inputs
Live
Math
3
Related
Enter parameters and click Calculate to view results
Formula & Theory
β=-360(d/λ), βHW=-360(d/λ)-180/NThis formula is used to calculate antenna parameters for end-fire array calculator.
Overview
End-Fire Array helps you calculate design values for a antenna arrays project from Number of Elements, Element Spacing, Element Gain, Array Efficiency. Calculate ordinary and Hansen–Woodyard end-fire array parameters including progressive phase, array length, directivity estimate, and gain. Use the result to make an informed first design decision before choosing hardware, setting dimensions, or evaluating the RF system in its final environment.
Input Guide
Enter Number of Elements, Element Spacing, Element Gain, Array Efficiency exactly in the units shown by this end-fire array. Check the operating band, unit prefix, and decimal position before calculating; these are the inputs used by the formula.
- Number of Elements.
- Element Spacing — use λ.
- Element Gain — use dBi.
- Array Efficiency — use %.
Output Guide
The results describe the calculated end-fire array values for the inputs you entered. Check each value against the available space, selected components, feed system, and operating conditions before making a final design decision.
How This Calculator Works
The End-Fire Array uses β=-360(d/λ), βHW=-360(d/λ)-180/N. Supply Number of Elements, Element Spacing (λ), Element Gain (dBi), Array Efficiency (%) in the displayed units, then use the calculated values as the first engineering target for this antenna arrays design or analysis.
Design Notes
This antenna arrays calculation is based on β=-360(d/λ), βHW=-360(d/λ)-180/N. Real-world accuracy depends on factors such as material properties, losses, mounting, nearby conductors, ground interaction, feed-line effects, and construction tolerance. Confirm the final system with measurement or simulation.
Build and Tuning Notes
Apply the end-fire array result as an initial target, then validate it in the intended installation. Keep the physical layout and feed arrangement consistent while testing, change one parameter at a time, and record the measured outcome before making another adjustment.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the End-Fire Array calculate?
Calculate ordinary and Hansen–Woodyard end-fire array parameters including progressive phase, array length, directivity estimate, and gain. The calculation provides an initial design value based on Number of Elements, Element Spacing (λ), Element Gain (dBi), Array Efficiency (%).
Which inputs are needed for the End-Fire Array?
Enter Number of Elements, Element Spacing (λ), Element Gain (dBi), Array Efficiency (%) using the displayed units. Each value directly affects the calculated result, so confirm the unit and operating conditions before running the calculation.
How accurate is this end-fire array?
It follows β=-360(d/λ), βHW=-360(d/λ)-180/N. It is accurate for the formula assumptions, but installed performance can change because of materials, loss, environment, mounting, nearby objects, and measurement uncertainty.
What should I do after using the End-Fire Array?
Compare the result with the practical constraints of your antenna arrays system, then validate the completed design with appropriate measurement equipment or simulation.
Alex Warren
B.Sc. in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Alex specialises in antenna design and wave propagation. His expertise helps ensure these calculators present practical RF concepts, useful design estimates, and clear engineering guidance for students, HAM operators, and wireless professionals.